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区别辨析kind、sort、type、class、classification、category、species与variety
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区别辨析kind、sort、type、class、classification、category、species与variety 2021年4月26日 口语与词汇 微信关注：田间小站 kind、sort、type、class、classification、category、species与variety这些名词均有“种、类、类型”之意。 kind : 指性质相同，而且特征很相似，足以归为一类的人或东西。 Today's vehicles use two kinds of fuel - petrol and diesel. 当今的交通工具使用两种燃料——汽油和柴油。 What kind of (a) job are you looking for? 你在找什么样的工作？ I just don't have that kind of money (= I don't have so much money). 我确实没有那么多钱。 The cupboard contained all kinds of strange things. 橱柜里有各种各样稀奇古怪的东西。 Her travel company was the first of its kind (= of others that are similar). 她的旅游公司是同类中的首家。 sort : 普通用词，文体较kind随便，指对人或对事物进行的大概分类，有时含贬义。 We both like the same sort of music. 我们俩喜欢同一类音乐。 I'm going to have a salad of some sort. 我想吃一些色拉。 What sort of shoes will I need? 我需要什么样的鞋子呢？ We saw all sorts (= many types) of animals in the park. 我们在公园里看见了各种各样的动物。 Many sorts of bacteria are resistant to penicillin. 有很多种细菌能抵抗青霉素。 This sort of camera is very expensive. 这种照相机很贵。 Plants of this sort need shady conditions. 这种植物需要在阴凉的环境下生长。type : 指客观界限比较清楚，有相同本质特点的同类事物，或指大致相似的同类事物。 There were so many different types of bread that I didn't know which to buy. 面包种类繁多，我不知该买哪一种。 What type of clothes does she wear? 她穿什么类型的衣服？ It was dark so I didn't notice what type of car it was. 天太黑，我没有注意到是什么车型。 He's the type of man you could take home to your mother. 他是那种你可以带回家见母亲的男人。 He's very attractive, if you like the blond, athletic type. 假如你喜欢白肤金发、爱好运动那一类型的话，他算是很有魅力的。 They sell dried flowers and baskets and that type of thing. 他们卖干花、花篮之类的东西。 We have a range of moisturizers for all different skin types. 我们有一系列适合各种肤质的润肤品。 She was young and she was wearing student-type clothes, so I assumed she was studying here. 她年龄不大，穿得又像学生，所以我还以为她在这儿上学。 He took me to a bar full of actor types trying to get noticed. 他带我去了一个酒吧，那里到处是演员一类的人，希望能引起他们的注意。class : 正式用词，指门类、种类或优劣等级；用于指动植物的分类时，表示“纲”。 Whenever I travel by train, I always travel first class. 我每次乘火车旅行都坐头等车厢。 first/second class mail 一类／二类邮件 a business/economy class ticket 商务舱／经济舱的机票 When it comes to mathematics, he's in a different class to his peers. 说到数学，他和他的同龄人不在一个级别上。classification : 指根据已经确定的类型对某一实物作鉴别和归类。 a style of music that defies classification (= is like no other) 独特的音乐风格 Its tariffs cater for four basic classifications of customer. 它的价目表适合4个基本类别的顾客。category : 书面用词，特指有确切定义的群体。 There are three categories of accommodation - standard, executive, and deluxe. 有3种住宿标准——标准房、公务房和豪华房。 Students over 25 fall into a different category . 25岁以上的学生属另一类。 The results can be divided into three main categories . 结果可分为三大类。species : 书面用词，单复数同形。指生物分类上的种。 Mountain gorillas are an endangered species. 山地大猩猩属于濒危物种。 Over a hundred species of insect are found in this area. 这一地区有上百种昆虫。variety : 强调有各自的特点，形式不同，品质不同的种类。 The article was about the different varieties of Spanish spoken in South America. 这篇文章讲的是南美洲西班牙语的各种变种。 This variety of rose is especially hardy and drought-resistant. 这种玫瑰特别耐寒及耐旱。 Our supermarket stocks apples in several different varieties. 我们超市有几个不同品种的苹果。 词汇辨析
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